Maize pests and diseases pdf

Maize streak virus msv maize stripe maize chlorotic stripe, maize hoja blanca maize stripe virus. Diversity, distribution and importance in crop pest epidemiology. Tomato crops can host of production problems and pathogens when conditions and maintenance are. Barley diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Disease and insect pest management in maize maize is one of the most important grain crops in the world. Pests, weeds and disease in maize crops can severely reduce yield and quality.

Diseases in maize plant diseases biology discussion. Understanding the role of cell wall constituents as defense mechanisms may allow modifications of crops to withstand pests and diseases. Maize stalk borers are pests of maize, sorghum and other crops throughout many countries in africa. A manual on the most important pests and diseases of the major food crops grown by smallholder farmers in africa. Pests, diseases and disorders of sweet corn applied horticultural. For maize, threatening organisms are stem borers, nematodes, bacteria, viruses, fungi and weeds are some of the organisms that have negative impact on the maize plant. The major and economically important maize diseases reported are. This handbook, designed to facilitate the identification of common insects affecting maize, contains descriptions and color photographs of pests of the seed, root, and seedling, pests of the foliage. Maize field guide maize crop development, pests and diseases. Maize diseases and approaches to their management in india. Pdf smallholder farmers perceptions of maize diseases. The information presented here is brief and cannot include.

The ears can be cooked and eaten from the cob as a vegetable or the kernels can be removed and either eaten as is or used to produce a wide variety of foodstuffs including cereals and flour. Top control methods for maize pests, diseases and weeds. Maize tassel abortion maize tassel abortion virus mtav maize vein enation. It possesses over 32,000 genes on ten chromosomes with a genome size of 2. Pests and diseases of maize zea mays pests which are found in the cultivation of sweet corn borer, among others, cob borers, grasshoppers, aphids and rats. Maize is subject to attack by a number of pests and diseases, mainly in insect pests stalk borers and armyworms and soil pests wireworms and rootworms. Disease and insect pest management in maize agropedia. Insect pests of maize cimmyt publications repository. Smallholder farmers perceptions of maize diseases, pests, and other production constraints, their implications for maize breeding and evaluation of local maize cultivars in kwazulunatal, south. Expected yield if the above recommendations are followed and rainfall is adequate, a yield range of 2,0003000 kgha for open pollinated, 2,0002,500 kgha. Tomato pests and diseases, symptoms, control agri farming. Soil insects can significantly affect establishment as can other establishment pests in some. Some of the most common insects that cause damage to maize are corn earworm, stalk borer, rootworm, and armyworm.

Crops, crop pests and climate change why africa needs to. Maize leafhoppers and maize thrips are widespread but irregular in queensland, and can rapidly reinfest crops after spraying meaning more than one spray may be required. Mar 26, 2020 vitamin deficiency diseases pdfdiseases of maize pdf list of maize diseases wikipedia pdf crop pests and diseases. May 31, 2015 pests and diseases of maize zea mays 22. Chlorotic mottling of the leaves, usually starting from the base of the young leaves in the whorl and. Maize thrips 29 mite predatory 30 mite twospotted 31 parasitoid wasps 32 pirate bug 34 plague soldier beetle 35 planthopper 36 red and blue beetle 37 redshouldered leaf beetle 38 rutherglen bug 39 sorghum head caterpillar 40 symphyla 41 tachinid flies 42 white fringed weevil 43 wireworms 44 yellow peach moth 46 diseases boil smut 48. The pest can be controlled through a combination of cultural practices most notably intercropping and. Maize dwarf mosaic virus or wheat streak mosaic virus. Maintain appropriate plant populations, practicing adequate insect control, and providing good drainage.

The text is divided according to the four causal agents for maize diseases. Maize is an annual plant, surviving for only one growing season and can reach 23 m 710 ft in height. Tomatoes are one of the most cultivated crops, tomato crops can be easily grown under proper conditions and regular maintenance. Pdf in nepal, maize ranks second after rice both in area and. Grains shrink and turn black in colour and ill filled or chaffy. Impact of cell wall composition on maize resistance to pests. Role of dehydrodiferulates in maize resistance to pests and diseases. Fungal diseases like fusarium, pythium, rhizoctonia often in the case of a prolonged emergence time after early seeding. Fungal diseases are presented in the following sequence.

In this document the terms maize and corn are used to refer to. Bird injury and insect damage allow more infections. Damage is often most prevalent along field edges and nearby wooded areas, but can extend throughout a,large field. Impact of cell wall composition on maize resistance to pests and.

Plant diseases are primarily caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses. Cgiar research program on climate change, agriculture and food security. Barley, hordeum vulgare, is an edible annual grass in the family poaceae grown as a cereal grain crop. In the kenyan highlands, total losses due to pests in maize were estimated at 57 percentage, with insect pests being more important than diseases grisley, 1997. Maize insect pest management ipm guidelines for grains. Insect pests of maize, the damage caused on maize plants and. Feb 09, 2010 dehydrodiferulate crosslinks are involved in maize defence mechanisms against insects such as the european, mediterranean, and tropical corn borers and, storage pest as the maize weevil. In the same way that our maize cultivars have been developed for production. Nymphs and adult suck the juice from within the grains when they are in the milky stage. Natural pest and disease control hdra the organic organisation page 8 companion planting companion planting means growing certain plants to protect other plants from pests or diseases.

Feeding wounds from the insect vector serve as points of entry for the. The following information is about tomato pests and diseases that affect the tomato crop yield. Insect pest management in maize department of agriculture. The kernels can be white, yellow, red, purple or black. Dec 11, 2018 in many african countries, the average maize yield per hectare is very low. Maize is in the tribe, maydeae, which includes the dent corn the subject of this chapter, flint corn, sweet corn, and popcorn. These insect pests of maize cause damage to the plant and these cause stress to the plant. Large flocks of the birds can cause tremendous amount of damage. Harvest maize as soon as ripe for the purpose desired, undue delay in harvesting increases damage due to diseases and pests. Crops, crop pests and climate change why africa needs to be. A double infection of maize chlorotic mottle virus mcmv and sugarcane mosaic virus scmv or any of the cereal viruses in the potyviridae group e. In addition, crosslinks are also discussed to be involved in genetic resistance of maize to fungus diseases as gibberella ear and stalk rot. Avoid sowing new ground with maize after pasture in areas that have a known history of white grubs.

Maize can be attacked by a wide range of insects, but relatively few are major and or regular pests. Maize corn diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Smallholder farmers perceptions of maize diseases, pests, and other production constraints, their implications for maize breeding and evaluation of local maize cultivars in kwazulunatal, south africa. One of the challenges of growing these crops is the presence of maize pests. Integrated pest management ipm means the careful consideration of all available pest control techniques and subsequent integration of. Maize pests and diseases pharmacies and medicinesca. This disease is of no economic importance in the tropics, however. In zimbabwe, grain damage of 92 percentage in stored maize was reported due to insect pests. Botanically, maize is a grass of the family gramineae which includes other common crops such as wheat, oats, barley, rye, rice, sorghum, and sugarcane.

Hence, this document aimed to provide comprehensive integrated pest management practices to reduce crop losses caused by diseases and insect pests of maize. The combined action of natural enemies including predators of eggs, larvae and pupae, parasites of eggs and larvae, and caterpillar diseases can have a significant impact. This sweet corn pest identification and management pocket guide is a quick, colorful, and handy reference for sweet corn growers, extension educators, crop consultants, and industry field representatives who work in the north central region and ontario, canada. Recently, these insects have also been reported to be vectors of maize chlorotic mottle virus. Maize rough dwarf nanismo ruvido maize rough dwarf virus mrdv maize sterile stunt maize sterile stunt virus strains of barley yellow striate virus maize streak. Other subspecies of zea mays are referred to as teosintes.

There is always something that we can do to mitigate the damage that they can cause. Pests and diseases of maize zea mays agricultural science. Of the 61 diseases of maize recorded so far, 15 and one nematode problem, are considered to constitute the major constraints limiting production. Role of dehydrodiferulates in maize resistance to pests and. This report on crop pests and disease management in uganda responds to a major risk priority that was identified in the risk assessment study parm 2016 and. Pdf pest and disease manualmaize pests and diseasescommon maize diseases, symptoms and. The symptoms that immediately catch the eye are missing or damaged kernels on the cobs.

Maize crops often have high levels of beneficial insects predators and parasitoids that may be harmed by insecticide applications. It is a tall grass with a hairy stem which stands erect and produces spikelets at the head. Maize may also be referred to as corn or indian corn and is believed to originate from. Maize and cornmeal dried, ground maize are staple foods in countries all over the world. Mar 27, 2020 in the united states and many other english speaking countries, maize is called corn. It is intended for field use by agricultural technicians and maize producers, and the taxonomic short. Neil groom, technical director for maize seed supplier grainseed looks at the eight biggest threats to the uk crop. The fungus infects corn ears through the silks and. Maize may also be referred to as corn or indian corn and is believed to originate from mexico and central america.

Pdf role of dehydrodiferulates in maize resistance to. The main season of maize cultivation is rainy season and hence prone to many diseases and pests. Insect pests of maize, the damage caused on maize plants. This may be because the pest is deterred by the companion plant, or because it is attracted to the companion plant rather than the crop. Maize insect pests in north america radcliffes ipm world.